Constituent · Monoterpene hydrocarbon
β-pinene
A woody, slightly turpentine pine note that often accompanies alpha-pinene.
Essential oils richest in β-pinene
Measured relative composition (GC peak-area %) pooled across published GC-MS samples — median, typical range (middle 50%) and the maximum seen.
| Oil | Median | Typical range | Max | Samples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balsam fir | 22.5% | 22.5%–22.5% | 22.5% | 1 |
| Hyssop | 17.64% | 10.51%–19.02% | 20.54% | 18 |
| Lime | 11.98% | 7%–13.2% | 29.49% | 37 |
| Cumin | 10.17% | 9.66%–11.45% | 15.1% | 14 |
| Black pepper | 9.93% | 7.29%–14.32% | 29.5% | 18 |
| Lemon | 8.6% | 2.2%–10.88% | 21.89% | 25 |
| Pine | 5.95% | 1.7%–10.9% | 25.4% | 22 |
| Bergamot | 5.28% | 3.63%–6.62% | 6.81% | 4 |
| Spike lavender | 4.98% | 4.82%–5.2% | 5.92% | 12 |
| Blue tansy | 4.62% | 3.08%–6.16% | 7.7% | 2 |
| Nutmeg | 4.32% | 1.34%–7.79% | 26.61% | 29 |
| Grapefruit | 4.16% | 0.12%–4.89% | 10% | 16 |
| Cajeput | 3.71% | 2.84%–4.57% | 5.43% | 2 |
| Laurel | 3.2% | 2.89%–3.81% | 13.6% | 19 |
| Melissa | 2.86% | 0.94%–3.19% | 3.3% | 16 |
| Rosemary | 2.78% | 1.56%–4.27% | 20.2% | 61 |
| Yarrow | 2.73% | 1.63%–7% | 23.1% | 25 |
| Goldenrod | 2.6% | 1.5%–2.9% | 4.6% | 7 |
| Frankincense | 2.33% | 2.16%–4.82% | 18.58% | 9 |
| Sacred frankincense | 2.15% | 1.81%–2.49% | 2.83% | 2 |
Oils in our library are linked above — open any profile for its full composition, safety panel and the research behind it.
Related constituents
Other monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds across the oils.
Figures are GC peak-area percentages pooled across published GC-MS samples, not concentrations, and describe chemistry — not health effects. How this is built →