Constituent · Oxygenated sesquiterpene
ledol
ledol is an oxygenated sesquiterpene — a heavy, tenacious woody or earthy compound. Across our dataset it was measured in 15 oils (22 samples), concentrating most in Black pepper, Sage, Cardamom.
Essential oils richest in ledol
Measured relative composition (GC peak-area %) pooled across published GC-MS samples — median, typical range (middle 50%) and the maximum seen.
| Oil | Median | Typical range | Max | Samples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black pepper | 5.52% | 5.52%–5.52% | 5.52% | 1 |
| Sage | 4.73% | 3.68%–5.78% | 6.83% | 2 |
| Cardamom | 4.1% | 4.1%–4.1% | 4.1% | 1 |
| Niaouli | 2.73% | 1.81%–3.64% | 4.55% | 2 |
| Valerian | 1.22% | 1.22%–1.22% | 1.22% | 1 |
| Oregano | 0.35% | 0.33%–0.38% | 0.4% | 2 |
| Spike lavender | 0.34% | 0.33%–0.36% | 0.38% | 2 |
| Clove | 0.31% | 0.31%–0.31% | 0.31% | 1 |
| Hyssop | 0.31% | 0.31%–0.31% | 0.31% | 1 |
| Laurel | 0.16% | 0.16%–0.16% | 0.16% | 1 |
| Peppermint | 0.12% | 0.12%–0.12% | 0.12% | 1 |
| Tea tree | 0.1% | 0.1%–0.1% | 0.1% | 1 |
| Thyme | 0.1% | 0.1%–0.1% | 0.1% | 1 |
| Lime | 0.08% | 0.08%–0.08% | 0.08% | 4 |
| Cajeput | 0.06% | 0.06%–0.06% | 0.06% | 1 |
Oils in our library are linked above — open any profile for its full composition, safety panel and the research behind it.
Related constituents
Other oxygenated sesquiterpene compounds across the oils.
Figures are GC peak-area percentages pooled across published GC-MS samples, not concentrations, and describe chemistry — not health effects. How this is built →